Scheduling data transmissions between a mobile terminal and a base station in a wireless communications network using component carriers

ABSTRACT

A method of scheduling wireless data transmissions between a mobile terminal ( 701 ) and a base station using multiple component carrier signals is disclosed. The method comprises the steps of: receiving in the mobile terminal information from the base station indicating available component carriers; detecting in the mobile terminal at least one dynamic parameter indicative of the mobile terminal&#39;s current ability to handle component carriers having non-contiguous bandwidths; determining in the mobile terminal in dependence of the at least one dynamic parameter which of the available component carriers to utilize; and transmitting from the mobile terminal to the base station information indicating the component carriers determined to utilize. By doing this the mobile terminal may choose to limit the number of component carriers used in situations where it is disadvantageous, such as situations where the power consumption of supporting multiple component carriers is high or situations where complex hardware is needed.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of U.S. Ser. No. 16/891,910, filedJun. 3, 2020, which is a continuation of U.S. Ser. No. 13/378,021, filedFeb. 2, 2012, which is the National Stage Entry under 35 U.S.C. § 371 ofPatent Cooperation Treaty Application No. PCT/EP2010/057533, filed May31, 2010; which claims the benefit of European Patent Application No.09162932.9 filed Jun. 17, 2009 and U.S. Ser. No. 61/221,193 filed Jun.29, 2009; all of which are incorporated by reference herein as if fullyset forth in their entireties.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The invention relates to methods and devices for scheduling datatransmissions between a mobile terminal and a base station in a wirelesscommunications network arranged for the transmission of multiplecomponent carrier signals.

BACKGROUND

With each generation, wireless communication systems are characterizedby ever-higher data rates. While some increase in data rates may beattributed to improvements in modulation, coding, and the like,significant increases in data rates generally require higher systembandwidths. For example, the International Mobile Telecommunications,IMT, advanced (a proposed fourth generation (4G) wireless communicationsystem), mentions bandwidths up to 100 MHz. However, the radio spectrumis a limited resource, and since many operators and systems compete forlimited radio resources, it is unlikely that 100 MHz of contiguousspectrum will be free for such systems.

One approach to increasing bandwidth requirements in limited, fragmentedspectrum is to aggregate non-contiguous spectrum. From a baseband pointof view, this can effectively increase the system bandwidth sufficientlyto support up to 1 Gb/s, a throughput requirement for 4G systems.Transmitting data in non-contiguous parts of the spectrum alsointroduces flexibility, as spectrum utilization may be adapted toexisting spectrum use and geographical position. Additionally, differentmodulation and coding schemes may be advantageously applied to differentportions of the spectrum.

A possible evolution of current cellular systems, such as the 3GPP LongTerm Evolution (LTE), to support non-contiguous spectrum is to introducemultiple component carriers or multiple bands. In such a multi-band ormultiple component carrier system, each separate portion of spectrum maybe considered an LTE system. Multi-band transmission is likely to be aprincipal part of the further releases of 3G LTE targeting ITUIMT-Advanced capabilities. A mobile terminal for use in such a systemwill be capable of receiving multiple component carriers, of differentbandwidths, and transmitted at different carrier frequencies.

US 2007/007090 discloses a multi-carrier communication system in whichradio resources are distributed between a plurality of access terminals.The carriers assigned to an access terminal are determined by thenetwork based on scheduling information received from the accessterminal. The scheduling information may include data requirements,Quality-of-Service requirements, available transmit power headroom, thelocation of the access terminal, or hardware constraints associated withthe access terminal. This disclosure does not relate to the use ofnon-contiguous bandwidths.

The design of a mobile terminal supporting multiple non-contiguouscomponent carriers is non trivial task. The front end radio needs to beable to suppress blocking signal in between the spectrum “chunks”.Different kind of radio architecture can be used for handling thisproblem; however, they typically have drawbacks compared to standardcontiguous system receivers in terms of current consumption. Thereforethere is a need for an efficient non-contiguous multi-carrier LTE systemdesign taking into account the challenges in the mobile terminal frontend receiver design.

SUMMARY

Therefore, it is an object of embodiments of the invention to provide aflexible method of scheduling data transmissions, which is moreefficient and takes the mobile terminal's current ability to handlecomponent carriers having non-contiguous bandwidths into account.

According to embodiments of the invention the object is achieved byusing a method of scheduling data transmissions between a mobileterminal and a base station in a wireless communications networkarranged for the transmission of multiple component carrier signals,each component carrier providing for the transmission of signals in apredetermined bandwidth around the carrier.

The method may comprise the steps of: receiving in the mobile terminalinformation from the base station indicating available componentcarriers, detecting in the mobile terminal at least one dynamicparameter indicative of the mobile terminal's current ability to handlecomponent carriers having non-contiguous bandwidths, determining in themobile terminal in dependence of said at least one dynamic parameterwhich of said available component carriers to utilize for said datatransmissions and transmitting from the mobile terminal to the basestation information indicating the component carriers determined toutilize for the data transmissions.

The mobile terminal may control the number of component carriers used,in relation to a dynamic parameter detected in the mobile terminal. Bydoing this the mobile terminal may choose to limit the number ofcomponent carriers used in situations where it is disadvantageous, suchas situations where the power consumption of supporting multiplecomponent carriers is high or situations where complex hardware isneeded.

In one embodiment the method further comprises the step of selecting theat least one parameter from the group of parameters consisting of aparameter indicative of a charging level of a battery in the mobileterminal, a parameter indicative of a level of transmission power fromthe mobile terminal required to achieve a predetermined quality level ofdata transfer from the mobile terminal and a parameter indicative of alevel of base band processing capability in the mobile terminal.

By letting the mobile terminal control the number of component carrierto use in respect to a parameter indicative of a charging level of abattery in the mobile terminal, a longer battery lifetime may beachieved. This may be done by limiting the use of multiple componentcarriers when the battery charging level is low, thereby saving thepower needed to support multiple component carriers. Additionally asimpler design of the mobile terminal may be used since there is no needfor supporting multiple component carriers at a low battery voltage.

By letting the parameter be indicative of a level of transmission powerfrom the mobile terminal, to achieve a predetermined quality level ofdata transfer, a simpler design of the mobile terminal may be used,since the mobile terminal does not have to support multiple componentcarriers when transmitting with a high power. This may be achieved bylimiting the number of component carriers used when transmitting with ahigh power.

By letting the parameter be indicative of a level of base bandprocessing capability in the mobile terminal a more efficient use of theprocessing resources in the mobile terminal may be achieved. This may bedone by limiting the number of component carriers used when theprocessing resources in the mobile terminal is scarce.

In one embodiment the method further comprises the steps of detectingthe occurrence of a component carrier event triggered by one of theparameter levels passing a predefined threshold; and performing the stepof determining which component carriers to utilize when a componentcarrier event is detected.

By controlling the use of multiple component carriers in respect to anevent triggered by the passing of a predetermined threshold by one ofthe parameter levels, an easy implementation of the method in a mobileterminal is made possible.

In one embodiment the step of transmitting the information indicatingthe determined component carriers uses a Radio Resource Control, RRC,signaling protocol.

In one embodiment the step of transmitting the information indicatingthe determined component carriers uses a Medium Access Control, MAC,signaling protocol.

Some embodiments of the invention relate to a mobile terminal configuredto schedule data transmissions between the mobile terminal and a basestation in a wireless communications network arranged for thetransmission of multiple component carrier signals, each componentcarrier providing for the transmission of signals in a predeterminedbandwidth around the carrier. The mobile terminal is configured toreceive information from said base station indicating availablecomponent carriers; detect at least one dynamic parameter indicative ofthe mobile terminal's current ability to handle component carriershaving non-contiguous bandwidths; determine in dependence of said atleast one dynamic parameter which of said available component carriersto utilize for said data transmissions; and transmit to said basestation information indicating the component carriers determined toutilize for said data transmissions.

Embodiments corresponding to those mentioned above for the method alsoapply for the mobile terminal.

Some embodiments of the invention relate to a computer program and acomputer readable medium with program code means for performing themethod described above.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Embodiments of the invention will now be described more fully below withreference to the drawings, in which

FIG. 1 is a frequency plot showing multiple component carriers;

FIG. 2 is a flow diagram of a method of scheduling data transmissionsbetween a mobile terminal and a base station;

FIG. 3 a is a frequency plot showing the spectrum leakage whentransmitting multiple component carriers with low power;

FIG. 3 b is a frequency plot showing the spectrum leakage whentransmitting multiple component carriers with high power;

FIG. 4 is a plot showing the battery voltage as a function of the stateof charge;

FIG. 5 a is a frequency plot showing the amplitude of a low energyinterference signal positioned between two component carriers prior tofiltration;

FIG. 5 b is a frequency plot showing the amplitude of a low energyinterference signal positioned between two component carriers afterfiltration;

FIG. 6 a is a frequency plot showing the amplitude of a high energyinterference signal positioned between two component carriers prior tofiltration;

FIG. 6 b is a frequency plot showing the amplitude of a high energyinterference signal positioned between two component carriers afterfiltration; and

FIG. 7 is a functional block diagram of a mobile terminal.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS

In a spectrum aggregated or multi-band system as is discussed herein,several frequency bands, contiguous or non-contiguous, may be allocatedfor the communication with one mobile receiver. The modulation andaccess format within the band could be of any kind, e.g., orthogonalfrequency division multiplexing (OFDM), single-carrier frequencydivision multiplexing (SC-FDMA), code-division multiple access (CDMA)etc. In this application, we denote such a system “multiple componentcarrier system”. In this context, one band is referred to as one“component carrier”. It may also be noted that this type of system insome publications is called “multi-carrier”, however this term is alsocommonly used to denote OFDM.

FIG. 1 depicts an example of aggregation of component carriers toachieve greater bandwidth. It may be noted that the left-most componentcarrier is well spaced-apart in frequency to the other componentcarriers. It will experience, and cause, only a small amount of Intercarrier interference due to the wide carrier spacing. However, the tworight most component carriers are not as well spaced apart in frequency.

FIG. 2 shows a flow chart of an embodiment of the present invention. Themobile terminal first, in step 100, detects a multi component carriercell comprising a base station for communicating with the mobileterminal. This may be achieved by using a cell search procedure. Themobile terminal then, in step 110, receives information related to thecomponent carrier possibilities of the multi component carrier cell.This information may include information related to the bandwidth andcarrier frequencies, of the component carriers. The number of possiblecomponent carriers may be any number, including the special case whenonly a single component carrier is available. The mobile terminal then,in step 120, determines a subset of the available component carriers touse for transmitting and receiving data from and to the multi componentcarrier cell, and informs the multi component carrier cell about thissubset. The choice may be based on the physical resources of the mobileterminal. The subset does not have to be a proper subset, meaning thatthe chosen subset may include all the possible component carriersreceived from the multi-carrier cell. Next the mobile terminal connectsto the multi carrier cell, in step 130, and starts to monitor forcomponent carrier events in step 140. Such and event may be related toany dynamic parameter, such as the battery level of the mobile terminal,the transmit power of the mobile terminal, the processing load of themobile terminal, energy of interference signals, or data transferrequirements of application on the mobile terminal. The mobile terminalthen, in step 150, chooses a new subset of the available componentcarriers, after detection of an event and informs the multi componentcarrier cell about the new subset.

In one embodiment the multi component carrier cell is given theopportunity to reject the requested subset of component carriers and mayinstead suggest a different subset.

The communication between the mobile terminal and the multi-carrier cellfor the purpose of configuring the multi-carriers may be achieved byusing a well defined signaling protocol, for instance the Radio ResourceControl (RRC) protocol, the Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol or vialayer 1 signaling.

FIG. 3 a shows frequency leakage when transmitting with low power from amobile terminal to a base station. The transmit power level is typicallychosen based on a predetermined quality level requirement. Closed powerloops are commonly used to adjust the transmit power. The loops functionby monitoring, in the base station, the quality level of thetransmission. If the quality level drops below a predeterminedthreshold, a control signal is sent from the base station to the mobileterminal, which in return increases the transmit power. Reversely, Ifthe quality rises above a predetermined threshold, the base stationsignals to the mobile terminal which then decreases the transmit power.Two disperse component carriers 301, 302 are shown.

Nonlinearities in the transmitter and RF power amplifier result inintermodulation distortion, this leads to frequency leakage. This isespecially a problem when using component carriers with a narrowbandwidth, since they have a high power density in the frequency domain,resulting in significant intermodulation distortion effects. To enableother users to use the bandwidth positioned outside the bandwidth of theused component carriers, strict frequency leakage requirements apply onmobile terminals. 303 shows the frequency leakage of the two componentcarriers 301, 302 and 304 shows the leakage requirement of the mobilenetwork. The frequency leakage 303 of the two component carriers 301,302 is below the leakage requirement 304 when the transmit power of thecarriers is low.

FIG. 3 b shows frequency leakage when transmitting with high power froma mobile terminal to a base station. Two disperse component carriers305, 306 are shown. They are positioned at the same frequencies as thetwo component carriers 301, 302 in FIG. 3 a , however due to theincreased transmit power their amplitude is higher. The spectrum leakageof the two carriers 307 is now above the spectrum leakage requirement ofthe mobile network. Using a more linear transmitter and RF poweramplifier, is a possible way to mitigate this, however highly linearcomponents generally consumes more power and increases the complexityand cost of the mobile terminal.

Using an embodiment of the present invention, the number of componentcarriers may be controlled based on the transmit power of the individualcarriers. One way of doing this is to decrease the number of componentcarriers used, when the transmit power is increased. Alternatively, useof component carriers with a narrow bandwidth may be limited, whentransmitting with high power. This will enable multi-carrier support onmobile terminals without the need of costly hardware and with reasonablepower consumption.

FIG. 4 shows a plot of the voltage, for a typical battery used in mobileterminals, as a function of the state of charge. The state of charge isvaried from 0% to 100%. Three distinct phases are shown, aninitialization phase 401, where the battery voltage drops a smallamount, a plateau phase 402 where the battery voltage is almostunchanged, and a terminal phase 403, where the battery voltage falls tozero. The function of the mobile terminal is unaffected by the voltagechanges in the initialization phase 401 and the plateau phase 402.However in the terminal phase the battery fails to supportfunctionalities of the mobile terminal, and the mobile terminal is inthe end forced to turn off. More linear transmitter blocks and inparticular a more linear power amplifier are needed in a mobile terminalsupporting multiple component carries, these however have a high powerconsumption. A mobile terminal supporting multiple component carrierswill therefore cease to function relative early in the terminal phase.

However by using an embodiment of the present invention the number ofcomponent carriers may be controlled based on the state of charge of thebattery in the mobile terminal. This may be done by decreasing thenumber of component carriers used, when the state of charge of thebattery is low, thereby achieving both multi carrier support and a longbattery life time, without the need of a complex and expensivearchitecture in the mobile terminal.

According to an embodiment of the invention the number of componentcarriers used may be controlled by a power management system functioningas a dynamic parameter. The power management system may function byestimating the power consumption of supporting multiple componentcarriers and determine the number of carriers to use in relation to theestimated power consumption. This may be done by limiting the number ofcomponent carriers used when the power consumption for supportingmultiple component carriers is high. The state of charge of the batteryin the mobile terminal may also be used as an input to the powermanagement system. By using a power management system a longer batterylife time is achieved.

Thereby multiple component carriers may be only be supported insituations where the power consumption for supporting them are relativelow.

FIG. 5 a shows a frequency plot of a low energy interference signal 502positioned between two component carriers 501, 502 prior to filtrationin a mobile terminal. 504 is a threshold showing the ability of thefilters in the mobile terminal to block out interference signals. Thethreshold is determined by the quality of the filters in the mobileterminal. The interference signal 502 has an amplitude that is lowerthan the threshold 504. FIG. 5 b shows a frequency plot of the samesituation as depicted in FIG. 5 a , after filtration in the mobileterminal. The power of the interference signal has been minimized to aninsignificant level, and a good quality of service is achieved for thetwo component carriers 501, 502.

FIG. 6 a shows a frequency plot of a high energy interference signal 602positioned between two component carriers 601, 602 prior to filtrationin a mobile terminal. 604 is a threshold showing the ability of thefilters in the mobile terminal to block out interference signals. Theamplitude of the interference is in this situation higher than thethreshold 604. FIG. 6 b shows a frequency plot of the same situation asdepicted in FIG. 6 a after filtration in the mobile terminal. The powerof the interference signal has been lowered, but it remains relativehigh compared to the amplitude of the two component carriers 601, 602resulting in a poor quality of service of the carriers. This can becorrected by using high performance filters with a higher threshold;however this will again will both increase the total power consumptionand increase the overall cost of the device.

Using an embodiment of the present invention, the number of usedcomponent carriers may be controlled based on the power of interferencesignals. This may be achieved by limiting the use of multi carriercomponents when high energy interference signals are present, therebyachieving good multi carrier support in the most common case, when nohigh energy interference signals are present, without the need of costlyhardware to cope high energy interference signals.

Mobile terminals have transformed from being a simple communicationtools into being a fully operational transportable computer system,providing a range of different applications such as audio and movieapplications, maps, dictionaries and games. This evolution has increasedthe need for processing power in mobile terminals. Multi carriercomponent support further increases the overall processing load of themobile terminal. Complicated application will therefore be processedslower when multi carrier components is used, resulting in a decreaseduser experience. By using an embodiment of the present invention, thenumber of component carriers used, may be controlled in relation to theprocessing load of the mobile terminal. This can be achieved by usingfewer component carriers when processing complicated application,thereby securing a faster processing of complex application and anincreased user experience.

FIG. 7 shows a functional block diagram of a mobile terminal 701configured to schedule data transmissions between the mobile terminaland a base station in a wireless communications network using theprinciples of the present invention. The mobile terminal comprises anantenna 702 for communicating with the base station using RF signals.The RF signals from the antenna is received in the RF block 703 andtransmitted to the DET block 704, where the mobile terminal 701 receivesinformation from the base station indicating available componentcarriers. The mobile terminal then in block 706 detects at least onedynamic parameter indicative of the mobile terminal's current ability tohandle component carriers, where the component carriers may form acontiguous or non-contiguous bandwidth. The at least one dynamicparameter detected in 706 together with the available component carriersdetected in 704 are send to a control block 705 where the mobileterminal 701 determines a subset of the available component carriers touse for transmitting and receiving data from and to the base station,and informs the base station about this subset. The subset does not haveto be a proper subset, meaning that the chosen subset may include allthe possible component carriers received from the multi-carrier cell.

According to an embodiment of the present invention the number ofcomponent carriers used may be determined in relation to a combinationof different dynamic parameters. The combination may be any combinationof the following parameters; the battery level of the mobile terminal,the transmit power of the mobile terminal, the processing load of themobile terminal, energy of interference signals, or data transferrequirements of application on the mobile terminal. E.g. a mobileterminal functioning accordingly to the present invention may controlthe number of component carries used in respect to both the batterylevel is and the transmit power.

Although various embodiments of the present invention have beendescribed and shown, the invention is not restricted thereto, but mayalso be embodied in other ways within the scope of the subject-matterdefined in the following claims.

The invention claimed is:
 1. A method performed at a mobile terminalconfigured to operate with a first number of component carriers,comprising: determining a change in at least one dynamic parameterrelating to an operating state of the mobile terminal; determining,based on the change in the at least one dynamic parameter relating tothe operating state of the mobile terminal, a change in a number ofcomponent carriers from the first number of component carriers to asecond number of component carriers; and transmitting, to a basestation, information indicating the second number of component carriers,wherein the second number of component carriers is less than the firstnumber of component carriers, and wherein the information indicating thesecond number of component carriers is transmitted via radio resourcecontrol (RRC) signaling.
 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the firstnumber of component carriers is a maximum number of downlink componentcarriers the mobile terminal is capable of supporting.
 3. The method ofclaim 2, wherein the second number of component carriers is less thanthe maximum number of downlink component carriers.
 4. The method ofclaim 1, wherein the first number of component carriers is a maximumnumber of uplink component carriers the mobile terminal is capable ofsupporting.
 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the second number ofcomponent carriers is less than the maximum number of uplink componentcarriers.
 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one dynamicparameter comprises one or more of a transmit power of the mobileterminal, a processing load of the mobile terminal, a charge level of abattery, energy of interference signals, or data transfer requirementsof an application on the mobile terminal.
 7. The method of claim 1,wherein the change in the at least one dynamic parameter is a processingload of the mobile terminal passing a predefined threshold.
 8. Themethod of claim 1, wherein the operating state is associated with acurrent ability of the mobile terminal to handle component carriers. 9.The method of claim 1, wherein each component carrier is associated witha respective carrier frequency and a respective carrier bandwidth.
 10. Amobile terminal configured to operate with a first number of componentcarriers, comprising: a battery; and a processor configured to:determine a change in at least one dynamic parameter relating to anoperating state of the mobile terminal; determine, based on the changein the at least one dynamic parameter relating to the operating state ofthe mobile terminal, a change in a number of component carriers from thefirst number of component carriers to a second number of componentcarriers; and transmit, to a base station, information indicating thesecond number of component carriers, wherein the second number ofcomponent carriers is less than the first number of component carriers,and wherein the information indicating the second number of componentcarriers is transmitted via radio resource control (RRC) signaling. 11.The mobile terminal of claim 10, wherein the first number of componentcarriers is a maximum number of downlink component carriers the mobileterminal is capable of supporting.
 12. The mobile terminal of claim 11,wherein the second number of component carriers is less than the maximumnumber of downlink component carriers.
 13. The mobile terminal of claim10, wherein the first number of component carriers is a maximum numberof uplink component carriers the mobile terminal is capable ofsupporting.
 14. The mobile terminal of claim 13, wherein the secondnumber of component carriers is less than the maximum number of uplinkcomponent carriers.
 15. The mobile terminal of claim 10, wherein the atleast one dynamic parameter comprises one or more of a transmit power ofthe mobile terminal, a processing load of the mobile terminal, a chargelevel of the battery, energy of interference signals, or data transferrequirements of an application on the mobile terminal.
 16. The mobileterminal of claim 10, wherein the change in the at least one dynamicparameter is a processing load of the mobile terminal passing apredefined threshold.
 17. The mobile terminal of claim 10, wherein theoperating state is associated with a current ability of the mobileterminal to handle component carriers.
 18. The mobile terminal of claim10, wherein each component carrier is associated with a respectivecarrier frequency and a respective carrier bandwidth.